How can nationalism be described in terms of its effects?

Nationalism can be seen as divisive because it often emphasizes a strong sense of identity, loyalty, and pride within a particular nation or group, which can lead to an "us versus them" mentality. This psychological dynamic can foster exclusivity and the perception that other nations or cultures are inferior or undeserving of equal recognition.

Through this lens, nationalism can exacerbate tensions between different groups, leading to conflicts, discrimination, or even violence when the national identity is threatened or when there is competition over resources or ideology. It can result in the prioritization of national interests over international cooperation, thus creating barriers to collaboration and understanding among various cultural or national entities.

In contrast, other options suggest scenarios where nationalism could foster unity, global governance, or neutrality, but these are often not characteristic outcomes of a strong nationalistic sentiment, as nationalism tends to prioritize the interests of a specific group over broader global considerations.