How do states primarily interact on the international stage?

States primarily interact on the international stage through diplomacy, which plays a fundamental role in shaping relationships and managing disputes between nations. Diplomacy refers to the practice of conduct between representatives of sovereign states, aimed at negotiating agreements, resolving conflicts, and promoting peaceful relations.

Through diplomatic channels, countries communicate their interests, preferences, and intentions while also working to build partnerships and alliances. This process often includes formal negotiations, bilateral and multilateral discussions, and the establishment of treaties, which are legally binding agreements between nations.

While trade agreements, aid programs, and military alliances are crucial components of international relations, they often stem from diplomatic initiatives. For example, countries typically engage in diplomatic negotiations to lay the groundwork for trade agreements or to discuss the terms of military cooperation. Thus, diplomacy is the overarching method by which states pursue their goals, balance power, and address global challenges on the international stage.