How does nationalism influence international relations?

Nationalism plays a significant role in shaping international relations primarily by fostering unity within a state, which can often lead to tensions or conflicts with other nations. This concept of nationalism arises from individuals’ deep-seated loyalty to their own nation, culture, or ethnic group, often emphasizing a shared identity, history, or language.

When nationalism is strong within a state, it can create a sense of pride and solidarity among its citizens, promoting internal cohesion and a collective identity. However, this intense focus on the nation can lead to a perception of "us versus them," which can create friction with other countries or minority groups within the state. Nationalistic sentiments might push states to prioritize their own interests aggressively, potentially resulting in disputes over territory, resources, or political influence.

In contrast, the other options reflect misconceptions about nationalism's effects. For instance, the notion that nationalism encourages global cooperation overlooks how nationalistic fervor can create barriers between nations rather than fostering collaboration. Similarly, the idea that nationalism eliminates the need for national defense fails to recognize that a strong sense of national identity often leads to an emphasis on military strength and self-protection. Lastly, stating that nationalism neutralizes ethnic disputes underestimates how strong nationalistic identities can exacerbate existing ethnic tensions,