In the context of international relations, what does "hegemony" mean?

Hegemony, in the context of international relations, refers to the dominance of one state or group over others. This concept is characterized by a leading power's ability to shape the rules and norms of the international system, thus exerting influence that can range from military might to economic strength and cultural leadership. A hegemonic power can establish a unipolar world order or lead a coalition of states, creating a framework that other states generally follow due to the power dynamics in play.

This understanding of hegemony is critical because it highlights the hierarchical nature of international relations, where not all states possess equal power or influence. Furthermore, hegemony can often lead to stability in international relations; a powerful state may enforce order and create a predictable environment for trade and diplomacy, which can be beneficial for other, less powerful states.

In contrast, terms like equality among nations and independence of nation-states imply a more level playing field or isolation, which do not capture the essence of hegemonic dynamics. Cooperation between states, while relevant in many contexts, does not inherently imply dominance and often suggests a consensual approach rather than a hierarchical one. Hegemony specifically emphasizes the unequal power distribution within international relations, solidifying why the concept is pivotal to understanding global