What are non-state actors?

Non-state actors are best defined as entities that participate in international relations but are not affiliated with any government. This includes a broad range of organizations and groups, such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs), multinational corporations, terrorist groups, and various transnational advocacy networks. These actors play significant roles in shaping international policies, influencing social movements, and addressing global issues such as human rights, environmental concerns, and economic development.

By engaging in international dialogue and action, non-state actors can carry out efforts that impact global affairs, often filling gaps left by state actors or addressing issues that affect multiple nations. Their influence is particularly notable in areas where state capabilities or interests may be limited, demonstrating their importance in the broader landscape of international relations.

Other options do not accurately represent the nature of non-state actors. Entities affiliated with governments are by definition state actors, while limiting participation to organizations that operate solely within a single state ignores the global nature of many non-state actors. Additionally, defining non-state actors as only military organizations narrows the understanding of their diverse roles and contributions to international dynamics.