What are the primary motives of states in international relations?

The primary motives of states in international relations are fundamentally linked to interests and the pursuit of power. States operate within a competitive international system where their survival, security, and advancement are paramount concerns. This often translates into actions driven by national interests, which can include economic prosperity, security enhancement, and geopolitical influence.

The pursuit of power is a critical component; states seek to enhance their capabilities to ensure their sovereignty and protect their interests, which can lead to alliances, competitive strategies, and even conflict. This perspective aligns with realist theories in international relations, which emphasize that states are rational actors primarily motivated by the desire to maximize their power relative to others.

While aspects like philanthropy, environmental initiatives, and social justice can play roles in the actions of states, they are often secondary to concerns about power and self-interest. For instance, humanitarian efforts or environmental agreements can be influenced by national interests, as states may engage in these actions to improve their global standing, secure resources, or foster alliances. Nonetheless, it is the strategic interests and power dynamics that typically drive the overarching decisions of states.