What does realism in international relations assume about human nature?

Realism in international relations fundamentally operates on the premise that human nature is inherently power-seeking and competitive. This perspective emphasizes that individuals, much like states in the international arena, are driven by self-interest and a desire for power. Realists assert that this competitive and sometimes aggressive behavior stems from a fundamental instinct to ensure survival and dominance in a world where resources are limited.

The view that humans are power-seeking aligns with the broader realist belief that international politics is characterized by an anarchic structure, where no overarching authority exists to regulate interactions among states. As such, states must act in their self-interest, often pursuing power through military strength, economic influence, or strategic alliances. This perspective underlines the importance of understanding human motivations in shaping state behavior and international relations as a whole.

Other options present different views of human nature that are not aligned with realism. For instance, suggesting that humans are inherently cooperative and altruistic reflects a more idealistic or liberal perspective, which believes that cooperation can emerge despite competitive instincts. Prioritizing collective security over individual interests indicates a faith in collective action and global governance, which realism tends to critique. Lastly, positing that humans are indifferent to power dynamics ignores the emphasis realism places on power as a driving force in both