What is a balance of power?

A balance of power refers to a configuration in international relations where military and economic power is distributed among multiple states in a way that no single entity dominates or can easily impose its will on others. This concept is essential in understanding how states interact within the international system, as the balance helps to maintain stability and prevent conflict. When power is evenly distributed, states are more likely to act responsibly, knowing that any aggressive actions could prompt a collective response from others.

In a balanced power scenario, states have various alliances and partnerships that provide checks and balances against unilateral aggression. This encourages diplomacy and negotiations, as opposed to single-state hegemony where one country could potentially disrupt global stability by wielding disproportionate influence. As such, the balance of power is a fundamental principle that states pursue to ensure their sovereignty and security in the anarchic international environment.