What is meant by the term “realpolitik”?

The term "realpolitik" refers to a pragmatic approach to politics that prioritizes practical and tangible factors over ideological or moral considerations. This concept emerged primarily in the 19th century, emphasizing a realistic and often strategic calculation in political decision-making, where the ends justify the means. Realpolitik suggests that power and national interest should guide political actions rather than ethical aspirations or lofty ideals.

This means that decisions are made based on the current political landscape, the interests of the state, and the positions of other actors in international relations, focusing on what is achievable rather than what might be ideologically desirable. Leaders employing realpolitik will often make calculated compromises, alliances, or strategic moves that maximize their own country's advantage, regardless of the prevailing moral or ideological narratives. This approach contrasts sharply with those that emphasize ideals, morality, or economic factors in decision-making, as it strictly adheres to what is considered effective and pragmatic in a given situation.