What is the primary function of peacekeeping operations?

Peacekeeping operations are primarily designed to maintain peace and security in areas affected by conflict. These operations typically involve the deployment of international personnel, often under the auspices of an organization like the United Nations, to supervise and support the implementation of peace agreements. Their primary goal is to create a stable environment where peace can be sustained, allowing for humanitarian assistance, the rebuilding of governance, and the promotion of reconciliation among conflicting parties.

Such operations may include monitoring ceasefires, protecting civilians, and assisting in the disarmament of combatants. They operate under a mandate intended to minimize violence and create conditions conducive to lasting peace. Peacekeeping missions are crucial in post-conflict scenarios, where tensions may still be high, and the risk of violence remains significant.

In contrast, the other options reflect different approaches or measures in international relations. Imposing economic sanctions is generally aimed at applying pressure on a country to change its behavior, whereas facilitating trade agreements focuses on enhancing economic relationships. Forming military alliances involves countries coming together for mutual defense purposes, which diverges from the peace-maintaining focus of peacekeeping. Therefore, the correct choice emphasizes the core objective of peacekeeping operations in conflict zones.