Which of the following is a characteristic of non-governmental organizations (NGOs)?

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are characterized by their focus on advocacy and social change, addressing a wide range of causes such as human rights, environmental issues, education, and health. They operate independently of government funding, often relying on donations, grants, and volunteer efforts, which allows them to promote their missions freely and influence policy and public opinion. This advocacy role positions NGOs as crucial players in civil society, working to hold governments and organizations accountable and driving initiatives for positive social transformation.

In contrast, elements like government funding fundamentally differentiate NGOs from state-run entities, military characteristics are not fitting with the purpose and mission of NGOs, and asserting that they lack influence in international matters disregards the significant role many NGOs play in global governance, humanitarian efforts, and advocacy on international issues. Thus, the option highlighting the advocacy for social change accurately captures the essence of what defines NGOs.