Who is known as the father of modern international relations theory?

Hans Morgenthau is recognized as the father of modern international relations theory primarily because of his seminal work, "Politics Among Nations," published in 1948. In this book, Morgenthau laid down the principles of realism, which emphasizes the role of power and national interest in international relations. His focus on the competitive and conflictual aspect of international politics shifted the theoretical landscape and provided a framework for understanding international affairs that prioritizes state behavior, the anarchic nature of the international system, and the significance of military power.

Morgenthau's ideas were revolutionary as they directly challenged the existing utopian theories, which tended to overlook the harsh realities of global politics. His arguments have influenced not only scholars but also policymakers and practitioners in the field. By establishing a clear theoretical foundation that sought to explain not just international cooperation but also the reasons behind conflict and competition, Morgenthau positioned himself as a central figure in the development of international relations as a distinct academic discipline.